Concrete is an inexpensive material, and will not compress or shatter even under quite a large compressive forcecitation needed. Composite sandwich structure panel used for testing at NASAConcrete is the most common artificial composite material of all and typically consists of loose stones aggregate held with a matrix of cement. Concrete is a mixture of cement and aggregate, giving a robust, strong material that is very widely used. Thus the resulting fibreglass is relatively stiff, strong, flexible, and ductile. The glass fibre is relatively strong and stiff but also brittle, whereas the polymer is ductile but also weak and flexible. One of the most common and familiar composite is fibreglass, in which small glass fibre are embedded within a polymeric material normally an epoxy or polyester. The first artificial fibre reinforced plastic was bakelite which dates to 1. Papier mch, a composite of paper and glue, has been used for hundreds of years. Natural cement stones, after burning, produced cements used in concretes from post Roman times into the 2. Vitruvius specifies a ratio of 1 part lime to 3 parts pozzolana for cements used in buildings and a 1 2 ratio of lime to pulvis Puteolanus for underwater work, essentially the same ratio mixed today for concrete used at sea. For structural mortars, he recommended pozzolana, which were volcanic sands from the sandlike beds of Pozzuoli brownish yellow gray in colour near Naples and reddish brown at Rome. Reinforced Concrete Design By H J Shah Free' title='Reinforced Concrete Design By H J Shah Free' />BC in his Ten Books on Architecture, distinguished types of aggregate appropriate for the preparation of lime mortars. Concrete was described by Vitruvius, writing around 2. Reinforced Concrete Design By H J Shah Free' title='Reinforced Concrete Design By H J Shah Free' /> Cob material Mud Bricks, or Mud Walls, using mud clay with straw or gravel as a binder have been used for thousands of years. BCcitation needed and was used for death masks. Cartonnage layers of linen or papyrus soaked in plaster dates to the First Intermediate Period of Egypt c. 0 BCcitation needed by the Ancient Mesopotamians gluing wood at different angles gives better properties than natural wood. 4Woody plants, both true wood from trees and such plants as palms and bamboo, yield natural composites that were used prehistorically by mankind and are still used widely in construction and scaffolding. Concrete is also a composite material, and is used more than any other man made material in the world. Wattle and daub is one of the oldest man made composite materials, at over 6. The Safavid dynasty s f v d Persian Dudmn e Safavi was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. Amity school of engineering technology offers b.
Ancient brick making was documented by Egyptian tomb paintingscitation needed. HistoryeditThe earliest man made composite materials were straw and mud combined to form bricks for buildingconstruction.
The most advanced examples perform routinely on spacecraft and aircraft in demanding environments. Typical engineered composite materials include Composite materials are generally used for buildings, bridges, and structures such as boat hulls, swimming pool panels, racing car bodies, shower stalls, bathtubs, storage tanks, imitationgranite and cultured marblesinks and countertops. More recently, researchers have also begun to actively include sensing, actuation, computation and communication into composites,1 which are known as Robotic Materials. The new material may be preferred for many reasons common examples include materials which are stronger, lighter, or less expensive when compared to traditional materials. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. A composite material also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name is a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components.
Composites are formed by combining materials together to form an overall structure with properties that differ from the sum of the individual components. For the specific carbon and glass fibre based composite materials often referred to loosely as composites, see Fibre reinforced polymer.